Academic Word List Cambridge How To Cite Is

NEW GENERAL SERVICE LIST-SPOKEN 1.2 (NGSL-S): In late 2013, Dr Browne and Dr Culligan analyzed the spoken subsections of the NGSL corpus and published a list of frequencies for spoken English known at the NGSL-S. The 1.0 version contained 822 words which provided up to 90 coverage for spoken English.

First published in early 2013, the NGSL provides over 92 coverage for most general English texts (the highest of any corpus-derived general English word list to date).

Use the pulldown menu to download the NGSL in various forms, and to try out our large and growing number of free online tools for learning, teaching, testing, analysing and editing texts with the NGSL.

Be sure to check out our other special purpose word lists which have been designed to work in a modular approach in conjunction with the NGSL - these include the New Academic Word List (NAWL), the TOEIC Service List (TSL), the Business Service List (BSL), Fitness English List (FEL), New Dolch List (NDL) for young learners, and the New General Service List Spoken (NGSL-S).

Academic Word List Cambridge How To Cite Is

All of our corpus-derived word lists are public domain and available to you for free as long as you properly cite our work (how to cite is mentioned in the FAQ section).

Enjoy The ListS: New General Service List 1.01 (NGSL): Celebrating 60 years of Vocabulary Learning: In 1953, Michael West published a remarkable list of several thousand important vocabulary words known as the General Service List (GSL).

However, as useful and helpful as this list has been to us over the decades, it has also been criticized for (1) being based on a corpus that is considered to be quite dated, (2) being too small by modern standards (the initial work on the GSL was based on a 2.5 million word corpus that was collected under a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1938), and (3) for not clearly defining what constitutes a word.

In March of 2013, on the 60th anniversary of Wests publication of the GSL, my colleagues (Dr.

Brent Culligan Joseph Phillips of Aoyama Gakuin Womens Junior College) and I (Dr.

Charles Browne, Meiji Gakuin University) announced the creation of a New General Service List (NGSL), one that is based on a carefully selected 273 million-word subsection of the 2 billion word Cambridge English Corpus (CEC) as follows.

Please look around the site and leave comments for us to help improve both the site as well as the list itself.

Combining the NGSL Word List with other Special Purpose Word Lists: Although the NGSL was designed to help learners attain the highest possible coverage of general English with the fewest possible words, an important pedagogic question to consider is once these 2800 words are mastered, what words should learners study next While continuing to study the next most frequency general English words beyond the NGSL seems a logical next step, two issues which the learner faces are (1) the number of words they need to learn to make an additional 1 coverage gain increases sharply after 92, and (2) depending on the students specialization, it is very likely that they will make significantly faster gains by learning special purpose vocabulary.

To that end, we have created 3 additional special purpose vocabulary lists that fit together perfectly with the NGSL (i.e.

New Academic Word List 1.0 (NAWL), the second is the TOEIC Service List 1.1 (TSL) and the third is the Business Service List 1.0 (BSL).

We have also created a list of high frequency word of spoken English known as the NGSL-S (because it is a subset of the NGSL corpus).

Each offers extremely good coverage within that specific domain and may be a useful next step for students with that goal.

The efficiency of these lists can be seen the chart below which gives a rough estimate of coverage figures for each vocabulary list as well as the how the size of these lists compare with the overall vocabulary size of native speakers of English as well as the English language as a whole.

Downloads of all of our special purpose word lists and associated free online learning and content creation tools are available from this website via the pulldown menu on the left.

New Academic Word List 1.0 (NAWL): While we are all tremendous fans of the original Academic Word List (AWL) developed by Dr.

Averil Coxhead, her AWL was made to fit together with, and be a next step for students and teachers using Wests 1953 GSL, both of which were based on the concept of word families.

With the publication of the 2013 NGSL, which is based on the concept of modified lexemes, we knew that we needed to create a new list of important high frequency academic words that would fit tightly together with the NGSL and therefore published the New Academic Word List (NAWL), which was based on a 288 million word academic corpus.

Like the NGSL, the NAWL provides a bit better coverage than the original AWL.

As you can see from the chart below, the combined NGSLNAWL gives about 5 more text coverage than the combined GSLAWL.

More information about the NAWL version 1.0, including various downloadable versions of the list can be found using the pulldown menu on the left (or by clicking here ).

Based on a 1.5 million word corpus of TOEIC materials, the 1200 words of the TSL (when combined with the 2800 words of the NGSL) provides up to 99 coverage of words that appear on the TOEIC test.

More information on the TSL version 1.1, as well as a growing number of free TSL resources can be found on the TSL page from the pulldown on the left (or by clicking here ).

Business Service List 1.0 (BSL): In July of 2016, Dr Browne and Dr Culligan published a 3rd special purpose word list, the BSL or Business Service List, that was designed to be used as the next step after learning the New General Service List for learners needing to comprehend general business English texts and materials.

Based on an approximately 64 million word corpus of business texts, newspapers, journals and websites, the 1700 words of the BSL (when learned in combination of the 2800 words of the NSGL) provide learners with approximately 97 coverage of the English they need in most general business situations and materials.

More information on the BSL version 1.0 as well as a growing number of free BSL resources can be found on the BSL page from the pulldown on the left (or by clicking here ).

The 1.0 version contained 822 words which provided up to 90 coverage for spoken English.

Academic Word List Cambridge Pdf